What type of vitamins and minerals are found in rye?

Rye is a cereal grain with a strong, unique flavor and visual characteristics similar to that of wheat, but with more length & slimness; the color of the cereal varies from yellow-brown to green to gray.

Rye is considered a good source o B-vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, panthotenic acid, pyridoxine, and folate and an excellent source of alpha-tocopherol, the vitamin E isomer with the highest biological activity.

These micronutrients are mostly remove during milling of flour, as the vitamins are stored mainly in the aleurone layer of bran, while vitamin E isomers are found in the germ.

Rye seeds contain numerous important minerals such as Ca, Mg, P, K, and Fe. A great feature of rye is its 4 to 1 ratio magnesium to calcium content.
What type of vitamins and minerals are found in rye?

What vitamins and minerals are found in citrus juice?

Fruit and vegetable juices are very good sources of the essential nutrients. Orange and grapefruit contains nutrients, micronutrients, vitamins and a mineral profile that is low or free of sodium while being high in potassium.

Most citrus cultivars are free of lipids, contain high levels of vitamins C and contain folate acid, thiamin, and to a lesser extent vitamin B6, niacin and riboflavin.

Vitamin C is relatively stable in citrus product during processing and storage. In addition to vitamin C or ascorbic acid, citrus juices also contain vitamin B complex and provitamin A.

Orange is rich in vitamin C and potassium and low in sodium. Grapefruit juice contains a lower concentration of folate, thiamin and niacin than orange juice.

The juice of citrus fruit contains about 0.4% ash. The ash content of orange juice was generally the highest in immature fruit and gradually decreased as fruit maturity progressed.
What vitamins and minerals are found in citrus juice?

Disease of growing bone: Rickets

Rickets is a disease that affects bone structure, resulting in soft and weakened bones and is particularly damaging to the weight-bearing bones in the legs, spine, and pelvis. A similar disease process occurs in adults and is known as osteomalacia, or simply soft bones.

It is characterized by malformed and weak bones because of poor calcium and phosphorous deposition.

Rickets is more likely to occur in children eating a poor diet and living in northern countries, where there is less sunshine. Vitamin D allows the body to absorb calcium from food and makes sure that the calcium is passed from the blood into the bone when the bone is being formed.

Defective mineralization of both bones and cartilaginous material in the epiphyseal growth plate becomes apparent as the child grows.

In rare cases, there may be rickets of urinary origin, where there are excessive urinary losses of either calcium or phosphorus. Vitamin D-resistant rickets is, in most cases, a genetic disorder where excessive phosphate is lost in the urine which reduces the supply available for mineralization of bone.

Rickets was first identified in Europe in the 1600s when the lack of sunlight and meager, unbalanced diet available to working class city dwellers cause an epidemic of rickets until the early 1900s.

Disease of growing bone: Rickets